What is the proper angle of insertion for a venipuncture needle?

The proper angle of insertion for a venipuncture needle is typically between 15 to 30 degrees. At this angle, the needle can effectively penetrate the skin and the vein without causing excessive trauma to the surrounding tissues. This range is ideal because a lower angle may not successfully enter the vein, while a higher angle could lead to the needle passing through the vein or causing damage to the tissues around it. In practice, phlebotomists often adjust their angle slightly based on the patient's anatomy and the location of the vein, but maintaining this standard range ensures a balance between accessibility and minimizing discomfort for the patient.