American Medical Certification Association (AMCA) Phlebotomy Practice Exam

Which of the following are included in electrolyte testing?

1. Calcium and Magnesium

2. Sodium and Potassium

3. Bicarbonate and Chloride

4. Iron and Bilirubin

The correct answer is: Sodium and Potassium

Electrolyte testing primarily measures the levels of key ions in the blood that are essential for various physiological functions. Sodium and potassium are two of the most critical electrolytes assessed in this testing. Sodium plays a vital role in fluid balance and nerve function, while potassium is crucial for muscle contraction and maintaining a normal heart rhythm. Monitoring these electrolytes can help diagnose and manage conditions such as dehydration, kidney disease, and heart problems. Calcium and magnesium are important minerals but are categorized differently and are typically assessed through separate testing focused on mineral metabolism. Bicarbonate and chloride, while also important in acid-base balance and fluid homeostasis, are sometimes included in broader panels but are not the primary focus when we refer to standard electrolyte testing, which emphasizes sodium and potassium. Iron and bilirubin are unrelated to electrolyte balance and are more associated with different metabolic functions and conditions.